AQCE

Records

Every time a result beat the previous best across all platforms. Newest first.

Entangled state error

10 records since 1998

  1. 2025
    8.40e-5Ion traps
    Trapped-ion two-qubit gates with > 99.99% fidelity without ground-state cooling · Hughes et al.
  2. 2024
    3.00e-4Ion traps
    Scalable, high-fidelity all-electronic control of trapped-ion qubits · Löschnauer et al.
  3. 2016
    5.00e-4Ion traps
    High-Fidelity Universal Gate Set for $^9$Be$^+$ Ion Qubits · Gaebler et al.
  4. 2016
    8.00e-4Ion traps
    High-fidelity quantum logic gates using trapped-ion hyperfine qubits · Ballance et al.
  5. 2014
    6.00e-3Superconducting circuits
    Logic gates at the surface code threshold: Superconducting qubits poised for fault-tolerant quantum computing · Barends et al.
  6. 2008
    7.00e-3Ion traps
    Towards Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing with Trapped Ions · Benhelm et al.
  7. 2003
    0.03Ion traps
    Experimental demonstration of a robust, high-fidelity geometric two ion-qubit phase gate · Leibfried et al.
  8. 2001
    0.1Ion traps
    Experimental Violation of a Bell's Inequality with Efficient Detection · Rowe et al.
  9. 2000
    0.17Ion traps
    Experimental Entanglement of Four Particles · Sackett et al.
  10. 1998
    0.3Ion traps
    Deterministic entanglement of two trapped ions · Turchette et al.

Qubit count

10 records since 1998

  1. 2026
    11,000Neutral atoms
    Trapping 11,000 Atoms in a Tweezer Array Generated by a Single Metasurface · Wang et al.
  2. 2024
    6,100Neutral atoms
    A tweezer array with 6100 highly coherent atomic qubits · Manetsch et al.
  3. 2022
    324Neutral atoms
    In-situ equalization of single-atom loading in large-scale optical tweezers arrays · Schymik et al.
  4. 2021
    256Neutral atoms
    Quantum Phases of Matter on a 256-Atom Programmable Quantum Simulator · Ebadi et al.
  5. 2019
    111Neutral atoms
    Defect-free assembly of 2D clusters of more than 100 single-atom quantum systems · Mello et al.
  6. 2017
    51Neutral atoms
    Probing many-body dynamics on a 51-atom quantum simulator · Bernien et al.
  7. 2016
    50Neutral atoms
    An atom-by-atom assembler of defect-free arbitrary 2d atomic arrays · Barredo et al.
  8. 2011
    14Ion traps
    14-qubit entanglement: creation and coherence · Monz et al.
  9. 2000
    4Ion traps
    Experimental Entanglement of Four Particles · Sackett et al.
  10. 1998
    2Ion traps
    Experimental Demonstration of a Controlled-NOT Quantum Gate · Turchette et al.

Relaxation time T1

6 records since 1999

  1. 2018
    3.60e+3 sNV centers
    One-second coherence for a single electron spin coupled to a multi-qubit nuclear-spin environment · Abobeih et al.
  2. 2007
    3 sNeutral atoms
    Fast Quantum State Control of a Single Trapped Neutral Atom · Jones et al.
  3. 2005
    5 µsSuperconducting circuits
    Dephasing of a superconducting qubit induced by photon noise · Bertet et al.
  4. 2002
    1 µsSuperconducting circuits
    Manipulating the Quantum State of an Electrical Circuit · Vion et al.
  5. 2001
    9 nsSuperconducting circuits
    Charge echo in a Cooper-pair box · Nakamura et al.
  6. 1999
    2 nsSuperconducting circuits
    Coherent control of macroscopic quantum states in a single-Cooper-pair box · Nakamura et al.

Coherence time T2

7 records since 2001

  1. 2021
    5.50e+3 sIon traps
    Single ion qubit with estimated coherence time exceeding one hour · Wang et al.
  2. 2017
    667 sIon traps
    Single-qubit quantum memory exceeding ten-minute coherence time · Wang et al.
  3. 2014
    50 sIon traps
    High-Fidelity Preparation, Gates, Memory, and Readout of a Trapped-Ion Quantum Bit · Harty et al.
  4. 2005
    14.7 sIon traps
    Long-Lived Qubit Memory Using Atomic Ions · Langer et al.
  5. 2005
    5 µsSuperconducting circuits
    Dephasing of a superconducting qubit induced by photon noise · Bertet et al.
  6. 2002
    8 nsSuperconducting circuits
    Manipulating the Quantum State of an Electrical Circuit · Vion et al.
  7. 2001
    5 nsSuperconducting circuits
    Charge echo in a Cooper-pair box · Nakamura et al.

Largest QEC code distance

6 records since 1998

  1. 2024
    d = 29Superconducting circuits
    Quantum error correction below the surface code threshold · Acharya et al.
  2. 2023
    d = 25Superconducting circuits
    Suppressing quantum errors by scaling a surface code logical qubit · Acharya et al.
  3. 2020
    d = 22Superconducting circuits
    Benchmarking near-term devices with quantum error correction · Wootton et al.
  4. 2018
    d = 8Superconducting circuits
    A repetition code of 15 qubits · Wootton et al.
  5. 2014
    d = 5Superconducting circuits
    State preservation by repetitive error detection in a superconducting quantum circuit · Kelly et al.
  6. 1998
    d = 3NMR
    Experimental Quantum Error Correction · Cory et al.

Magic state error

6 records since 2006

  1. 2025
    1.00e-4Superconducting circuits
    Magic state cultivation on a superconducting quantum processor · Rosenfeld et al.
  2. 2025
    5.10e-4Ion traps
    Experimental demonstration of high-fidelity logical magic states from code switching · Daguerre et al.
  3. 2024
    8.00e-4Superconducting circuits
    Scaling and logic in the color code on a superconducting quantum processor · Lacroix et al.
  4. 2021
    6.00e-3Ion traps
    Demonstration of fault-tolerant universal quantum gate operations · Postler et al.
  5. 2020
    0.028Ion traps
    Fault-tolerant control of an error-corrected qubit · Egan et al.
  6. 2006
    0.371Ion traps
    Experimental purification of two-atom entanglement · Reichle et al.

Milestone estimates

Year at which each platform's all-time exponential trend (the dotted fits on the home page) reaches the next round milestone. A straight-line extrapolation, not a forecast.

Entangled state error

Reaching two-qubit error of 10⁻⁵

  • Semiconductor spins~2034
  • Ion traps~2035
  • Superconducting circuits~2039
  • Neutral atoms~2044

Qubit count

Reaching 100,000 physical qubits

  • Neutral atoms~2031
  • Superconducting circuits~2049
  • Semiconductor spins~2062
  • Ion traps~2075
  • NV centerstrend not converging

Relaxation time T1

Reaching T1 of one hour

  • NV centersreached in 2018
  • Semiconductor spins~2042
  • Superconducting circuits~2043
  • Neutral atoms~2063
  • Graphenetrend not converging

Coherence time T2

Reaching T2 of one hour

  • Ion trapsreached in 2021
  • Neutral atoms~2047
  • Superconducting circuits~2068
  • Semiconductor spinstrend not converging
  • NV centerstrend not converging

Magic state error

Reaching magic state error of 10⁻⁶

  • Superconducting circuits~2031
  • Ion traps~2059
  • Neutral atomstrend not converging